AUTHOR’S RESPONSE Another Look at I–D Compensation Theory: Addressing Some Concerns and Misconceptions

In this reply, I address four general issues raised in the commentaries. Specifically, I attempt to (a) clarify the nature of immediate-return needs, (b) provide more detail on the mechanisms through which frustration of immediate-return needs makes one susceptible to the effects of social motives, (c) address in more detail the relation between I–D compensation theory and other theoretical conceptualizations, and (d) indicate the extent to which my distinction between immediateand delayed-returned societies was accurate. I begin, however, by briefly describing the development of I–D compensation theory. In doing so, I hope to make the theory, as well as its connection to the associated literature (e.g., hunter–gatherers), clearer.